Computer Crime :: essays research papers

Computer Crime Computer crimes need to be prevented and halted thought increased computer network security measures as well as tougher laws and enforcement of those laws in cyberspace: Computer crime is generally defined as any crime accomplished through special knowledge of computer technology. All that is required is a personal computer, a modem, and a phone line. Increasing instances of white-collar crime involve computers as more businesses automate and information becomes an important asset. Computers are objects of crime when they or their contents are damaged, as when terrorists attack computer centers with explosives or gasoline, or when a "computer virus"--a program capable of altering or erasing computer memory--is introduced into a computer system. As subjects of crime, computers represent the electronic environment in which frauds are programmed and executed; an example is the transfer of money balances in accounts to perpetrators' accounts for withdrawal. Computers are instruments of crime when used to plan or control such criminal acts as complex embezzlements that might occur over long periods of time, or when a computer operator uses a computer to steal valuable information from an employer. Computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud, theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, espionage, murder, and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1958. One study of 1,500 computer crimes established that most of them were committed by trusted computer users within businesses; persons with the requisite skills, knowledge, access, and resources. Much of known computer crime has consisted of entering false data into computers, which is simpler and safer than the complex process of writing a program to change data already in the computer. With the advent of personal computers to manipulate information and access computers by telephone, increasing numbers of crimes--mostly simple but costly electronic trespassing, copyrighted-information piracy, and vandalism--have been perpetrated by computer hobbyists, known as "hackers," who display a high level of technical expertise. For many years, the term hacker defined someone who was a wizard with computers and programing. It was an honor to be considered a hacker. But when a few hackers began to use their skills to break into private computer systems and steal money, or interfere with the system's operations, the word acquired its current negative meaning. Organized professional criminals have been attacking and using computer systems as they find their old activities and environments being automated. There are not a large number of valid statistics about the extent and results of computer crime. Victims often resist reporting suspected cases, because they can lose more from embarrassment, lost reputation, litigation, and other consequential losses than from the acts themselves.

Thinking about qualitative data collection & analysis for grounded theory Essay

Communication Strategies Introduction Research Design                   Creswell, John. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 3rd . New York: SAGE Publications, 2011.                   The research will incorporate a well-crafted research design to enhance an effective data collection. The design describes how data collection will be done, the relevant participantsto involvein the study, and the materials or instruments that will be used for data collection. This is done with considerations of the objective of the study. The research main aim is to evaluate The Relationship between Social Media and Effective Publicity in Organizations.                   Due to the nature and the phenomenon of the study, a qualitative research design is selected. This is because the design will employ a multi-method approach which is comprehensive in data collection and it ensures a qualitative data interpretation.                   Festinger, David. Essentials of Research Design and Methodology . New York: SAGE publishers, 2013. Participants                   The study targets a population with the relevant information that will lead to approximately accurate findings. The participants will involve customers, employees, and suppliers of selected organizations. These individualsshould have knowledge of social media, its application in business and they have an experience of the new technology in their daily business and organizational activities. A sample of 10 respondents will be selected randomly from the targeted population. This will involve different people using the social media platforms in their daily lives. The study assumes that all the data collected from the respondents is representative of the prevalentstate to usage of social media in publicity of firms.                   Vogt, Paul. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2012.                   The study will employ a simple random technique in sampling the population. This is technique is selected because it is easy to use and manageable. It also minimizes bias in sample determination because the sample is selected randomly. The technique will enable the research get information from respondents selected randomly. This is important because sample will cover different people in different organizations at unique situations hence a comprehensive data collected.                   Stephene. Thinking about qualitative data collection & analysis for grounded theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Data Collection                   Validity of data collected defines the success of a conducted research. To achieve this goal, the study intends to utilize both secondary and primary sources of data. The primary sources data will be collected fromthe targeted respondent to the investigation. The secondary sources will include reports published by the selected organization giving the correlation between social media and the publicity of organizations.                   Patton, Michael. Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice. New York: SAGE Publications, 2011.                   The materials that will be used for data collection are observation, interview schedules, and questionnaires. This instruments of data collection were selected due to the qualitative nature of the research. Well-structured questionnaires with both closed and open ended questions were administered to the targeted participant to the study.                   Maxwel, Joseph. Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach (Applied Social Research Methods). New York: SAGE Publications Inc, 2012.                   Open-ended questions will give the respondents an opportunity to give their opinion on the relationship between social media and publicity of organizations. This aims at gathering any other additional information relevant to the study. Furthermore, the closed ended questions in the questionnaires will collect specific data from the respondents. The closed ended questions are important because they give a certain uniformity in responses and makes it easy for analysis. Before sending the questionnaires to the participants, all the vague questions will be eliminated to make the eventual data collected relevant and easy to analyze. The questionnaires will be sent to the respondents through their emails. Interviews will be done on phone where the sample population will be contacted and asked relevant questions that will address the research objectives. Conclusion                   A research design is one of the important elements that makes any study complete and successful. Due to the topic under investigation, a qualitative approach is taken. The study targets a sample of 10 participants from the targeted population and it will use a simple random technique to arrive at the sample. Data will be collected through interview schedules and administering of questionnaires. References Creswell, John. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 3rd . New York: SAGE Publications, 2011. Festinger, David. Essentials of Research Design and Methodology . New York: SAGE publishers, 2013. Maxwel, Joseph. Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach (Applied Social Research Methods). New York: SAGE Publications Inc, 2012. Patton, Michael. Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice. New York: SAGE Publications, 2011. Stephene. Thinking about qualitative data collection & analysis for grounded theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Vogt, Paul. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2012. Source document

Organ Donation Should Be Mandatory - 1630 Words

With people making important decisions about their body every day the subject of organ donation becomes increasingly important. For years, the topic has been the source of many controversial debates regarding its ethical and moral ideations. Organ donation should remain voluntary for several reasons: first and foremost it is still considered a donation. Next, patients and their families should have the right to say no to medical procedures. And, lastly, bodily autonomy should be respected by healthcare professionals. Many argue, however, that organ donation should be mandatory as to decrease not only the time spent on an organ donation list but also the risks of mortality while waiting for a new organ. Families often have the final say in†¦show more content†¦44). While respecting patients’ opinions should be a high priority, healthcare professionals such as nurses should still place value in educating patients on the need for organ donors. An important factor when de ciding to educate patients is to dispel some of the myths surrounding organ donation. Many people struggle with â€Å"discomfort with making a donation decision, lack of motivation to register, concerns about burial, and repugnance associated with death and organ procurement† (Ladin, 2016, p. 156) when thinking about becoming a potential organ donor. Some also worry that if they are organ donors and something unfortunate should happen to them, doctors will not work as hard to save their life. While this can seem like a logical concern, there are many tests done to ensure that patients are actually brain dead before beginning the donation process. There is also the option of circulatory determination of death: â€Å"Determination of death can be made after cessation of circulation and respiratory function for two minutes† (Dalal, 2015, p. 45). Making everyone an automatic organ donor would decrease a person’s willingness to learn about the actual procedure and a lso serve to further perpetuate this common fear. In causing more fear, mandatory organ donation would hurt people instead of helping them. Another concern is that a patient’s religionShow MoreRelatedOrgan Donation Should Not Be Mandatory2643 Words   |  11 Pagesrequired you to need an emergency organ transplant. The only thing that could save your life would be an organ from another person s body. Imagine that your loved one is dying of kidney failure and they are in dyer need of a new kidney. There is a person who just passed away from an unknown reason, who meets the qualifications of being a match to your family member. The only thing stopping the process of the organ transplant is that the deceased person is not an organ donor. There s a person somewhereRead MoreWhy Organ Donation Should Be Mandatory1771 Words   |  8 PagesMandatory Organ Donation In the United States today, people lose their lives to many different causes. Though this is tragic, there are also a large group of people who could benefit from these deaths; and those people are people in need of an organ transplant. Although a sudden or tragic death can be heart breaking to a family, they could feel some relief by using their loved ones organs to save the lives of many others. This act of kindness, though, can only be done with consent of both the victimRead MoreOrgan Donation Persuasive Essay701 Words   |  3 Pagesyour fingers. You wish you could help, but you can’t. Someone else can. An organ donor. According to organdonor.gov, about 116,000 U.S. citizens are waiting on the organ transplant list as of August 2017. To put that number into perspective, that’s more than double the amount of people that can fit into Yankee Stadium. And to make matters worse, 20 people each day die waiting for a transplant.(organdonor.gov) Organ donation can offer patients a second chance at life and provides comfort to the recipientRead MoreOrgan Donation1090 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Why organ donation should be mandatory Audience: College Students General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade people to want to become an organ donor and the benefits of being one Proposition: You should become an organ donor Organizational Pattern: Statement of logical reasoning Introduction: Attention Getter: Organ donation is an amazing thing, saving many lives every year. Roughly 152,000 people die every day and 55 Million die each year yet, there is 116,000 peopleRead MoreOrgan Donations after Death730 Words   |  3 PagesOrgan Donations after Death The process of gift giving is the act in which someone voluntarily offers a present for someone else, without compensation. Across all nations, people in need of transplants sit on a waiting list while the war on organ donation ethics continues. After death, one person can help as many as eight people by donating their organs. Organ transplantations raise singularly difficult ethical in its requirements in its obligation for donated organs. Mandatory organ donationsRead MoreOrgan Donation Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesTransplantation of human organs have most like it similar views in different world religions. Some of the factors are same, but in some points, they completely opposite to one another. In Judaism the concept of organ donation is that it is permissible to save a life only if the donors life is not in danger. Organ donation from a living person in Judaism is allow only if the donor life is not in danger, and also it is mandatory for the community to save a human life if they have choice to do. EvenRead MorePros And Cons Of Organ Donation1176 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan DonationAfter Death: An Annotated Bibliography Moritsugu, Kenneth P. The Power of Organ Donation to Save Lives through Transplantation. Public Health Reports. Association of Schools of Public Health, 2013. Web. 14 June 2017. . Organ and tissue donation are important and could be difference between life and death in some cases. In this article Kenneth Moritsugu is a former Acting Surgeon General of the United States and shares his experiences with organ donning and how it can change livesRead MoreFinancial Compensation for Organ Donation Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pagesreceive a life-saving organ donation, yet only one out of four will ever receive that precious gift (Statistics Facts, n.d.). The demand for organ donation has consistently exceeded supply, and the gap between the number of recipients on the waiting list and the number of donors has increased by 110% in the last ten years (OReilly, 2009). As a result, some propose radical new ideas to meet these demands, including the selling of human organs. Financial compensat ion for organs, which is illegalRead MoreProposal Essay - Organ Selling1500 Words   |  6 Pagesup for what is right. This same general scenario is happening not too far from this country, where organ brokers are victimizing innocent and poverty-stricken mothers and fathers trying to find a way to provide and get out of debt, by either forcing or deceiving them to give up an organ or cheating them whether formally or informally, after they agree to sell, by either not paying them for their organ at all or only paying a fraction of the promised price (Glaser, S.,2005). But the way that nobodyRead MoreThe Death Of A Transplant Organ Transplant Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesStates are on the waiting list to receive a lifesaving organ transplant. Every 10 minutes a new name is added to the transplant waiting list and on average around 20 people die per day due to a lack of organ availability. The consistent high demand for organs and the shortage of donors in the United States has prompted a complex discussion on ways to close the gap. China, for example, has found a solution. They use death-row inmate’s organs for transplant operations. A report from an international